25/09/2026
Did you know the hallmark is the oldest quality control and consumer protection system in the world?
First, to understand the history of British hallmarking let’s start with the close link between silver and money. From ancient times, silver was used as money and all silver coins had to have an equal value – the same size and same purity. A ratio of 92.5% silver to 7.5% copper was found to produce an excellent silver alloy, easily worked and highly durable. So, in 1158, King Henry II made this alloy the legal standard required of British coinage and that standard was called sterling silver. Silver and money were inextricably linked; they were really the same thing.
But silver wasn't just used to make coins, it was also used to make objects. The purity of silver items was vital and in 1238 King Henry III passed a law stating no silver items could be made which were 'worse than the king's money'. So, sterling silver became the minimum standard allowed for wrought silverware. However, there was no method in place for proving a silver item had been tested. In 1300, it was King Edward I who passed a statute and established a system of testing (assaying) to ensure all silver wares were of sterling standard (92.5% pure silver); the same as the coin of the realm. If a piece passed, it was applied with a leopard’s head mark. An additional standard mark was introduced in 1544 - the “lion passant” (walking lion) - and was adopted by all the provincial assay offices. Although the other marks all varied depending on which assay office was used, the same lion passant was always present on English sterling silver.
More than 700 years later, the lion passant appearing on every piece of assayed British sterling silver, is still protecting buyers today. To this day, it is still an offence for un-hallmarked articles to be passed off as sterling silver. Any items that do not comply can lead to prosecution and fines.
There is nowhere better to learn about the history of hallmarks than The London Silver Vaults. Come and find out more from our dealers.