02/11/2019
Born Louis-Auguste, duc de Berry on August 23, 1754, Louis XVI became the last heir to the Bourbon line of French monarchs on the death of his father in 1765 & ascended to the throne on the death of his grandfather Louis XV in 1774. With his wife Marie Antoinette (whom he married in 1770) Louis XVI maintained a lavish court style that bridged the stylistic transition between Rococo and Neoclassism. Also called Louis Seize, this era is considered to be the golden age of cabinet making. Although the opulence of the previous Rococo & Louis XV styles was still prominent, there was more restraint in the use of decoration & a return to the motifs of Greco-Roman antiquity. Louis Seize chairs had straight fluted legs resembling columns & the arms once again reached to the front of the seat, usually ending in a carved scroll. Intricate marquetry, inlaid plaques of various materials, medallions & other floral designs were framed with geometric trims, gilded & sometimes incorporated gesso or other varnishes. Oak was favored for solid pieces, with mahogany & ebony gaining a resurgence in use as well. Classical motifs of foliage, objects such as urns & faces, & architectural elements were used. Marble tops were frequently white, gray & sometime veined red. Light pastel colors & shades of cream were preferred for the hand sewn silk designs in upholstery. The flamboyant effect of this rich “spontaneous grace” was deliberately subdued once the French revolution began in 1789. Taken at their palace at Tuileries in 1792, the king (now called Citizen Louis Capet) was guillotined on January 21, 1793. Marie Antoinette followed later that year & the style that exemplified the last gross indulgences of the Bourbon monarchy transitioned into the next short-lived Directoire era of government & style.
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